Investigating The Outcome of Immunotherapy,Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Metastatic BreastCancer: A Review Study

Introduction: Metastatic breast cancer is the most common causeof mortality and morbidity in women worldwide.Immunotherapyas a main treatment approach includes checkpoint inhibitors, cytokinetherapy, adoptive T-cell transfer, and vaccines. Radiotherapyimproves survival in early breast cancer patients. Adjuvant andneo-adjuvant radiotherapy have been proven effective in treatmentfor this malignancy, yet studies have shown that radiotherapy cancause different side-effects related to the mediastinum. Adjuvantand neo-adjuvant chemotherapy are effective treatment options forbreast cancer, as they can help alleviate pain and improve prognosisin patients. However, side-effects are troubling. We tend tocompare the side-effects and efficacy of these treatment methodsseparately and in combination to determine their prominent role inimproving the prognosis of these patients.Materials and Methods: In this study, we collected data inEnglish and Persian databases (PubMed and Google scholar,SID and civilica), with the following MeSH terms: "metastaticbreast cancer", "immunotherapy"٫ “radiotherapy” and “chemotherapy"from ۲۰۱۷ to ۲۰۲۳. After screening ۴۱۵ papers, ۸۴studies were included based on the PRISMA protocol.Result: The outcomes of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (anthracycline,cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel) as the first-linestandard treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancerare very poor.Responses to immunotherapy drugs (atezolizumab and pembrolizumab)appear to be lasting in metastatic triple negativebreast cancer.Studies show that combined therapies can show encouragingoutcomes. Such as atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel with medianprogression-free survival and overall survival of ۵.۵ months(۹۵% CI, ۵.۱-۷.۷ months) and ۱۴.۷ months (۹۵% CI, ۱۰.۱-notestimable), or pembrolizumab plus radiotherapy was found tobe safe in patients with poor-prognosis, metastatic, triple negativebreast cancer.Conclusion: Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapycan be used both individually and in combination depending onthe patient's condition. Combining methods like atezolizumabplus nab-Paclitaxel are effective breast cancer treating methods.However, further research is needed.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast Cancer ، Chemotherapy ، Radiotherapy ، Immunotherapy