The Cytotoxic Effect of Essential Oil of Syrian Citrus limon Peel on Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line (Lim۱۸۶۳)

Background: Essential oils are the volatile fraction of aromatic and medicinal plants created after extraction by steam or water distillation. Species of the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) have been widely used in traditional medicine as volatile oils and are currently the subject of numerous research. Citrus essential oil consists of different terpens that have antitumor activities. This study determines the cytotoxic effect of the essential oils of Citrus limon L. peels on a colorectal cancer cell line (LIM۱۸۶۳).Methods:We harvested four samples from four locations in Syria. Essential oils were prepared by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Various concentrations ofessential oils (۰.۵-۴۸ µg/ml) were added to cultured cells and incubated for ۷۲ h. Cell viability was evaluated byMTT-based cytotoxicity assay.Results:We noted ۱۸ components that represented ۹۸.۸۱% of the total oil content. The major components were: limonene (۶۱.۸%-۷۳.۸%), γ-terpinene (۹.۴%-۱۰.۴%), β- pinene (۳.۷%-۶.۹%), O-cymene (۱%-۲.۴%),and citral (۰.۸%-۵.۴%).The obtained IC۵۰ value range of Citrus limon essential oils was ۵.۷۵-۷.۹۲ µg/ml against LIM۱۸۶۳.Conclusion: This study revealed that Syrian Citrus limon essential oil has a cytotoxic effect on the human colorectalcarcinoma cell line LIM۱۸۶۳ when studied in vitro.