Proteomics Methodology, Concepts and Applications in Biomarker Discovery

Protein biomarkers with specific biological functions have had an essential role in cancer diagnosis andmedical consideration. With the recent progress in proteomics methodology, thousands of protein biomarkercandidates have been introduced for various disease conditions. For this purpose, different sample origins, includingblood, sera, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, stool samples, and tissue biopsies can be employed. However,they should be pretreated and purified with proper methods to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of theanalysis and remove the contaminants. Ultimately, the purified samples are investigated by several essential proteomicsprocedures to identify the specific protein. In this review, the recent progress in the protein biomarkerdiscovery, verification, and validation phases are studied. Also, their conventional techniques, advantages, anddisadvantages are discussed.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cancer biomarker ، Gel-based methods ، Gel-free methods ، Mass spectroscopy ، Proteomics