The Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training with Saffron on Cytochrome C and Calmodulin Kinase ۲ on the Heart Tissue of Alzheimer’s Rats Treated With Trimethyl Tin (TMT)

Introduction: A proper diet and physical activity benefit Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of endurance training (ET) with saffron (Sa) consumption on cytochrome C and calmodulin kinase ۲ in the heart tissue of AD rats. Methods: In this experimental study, ۴۰ rats (AD induced by intraperitoneal ۸mg/kg trimethyl tin) were divided into five groups of eight animals comprising: (۱) AD, (۲) Endurance training (ET), (۳) saffron (Sa), (۴) ET+Sa, and (۵) sham (Saffron solvent) groups. The ET and ET+Sa groups ran on a treadmill at ۱۵ to ۲۰m/min (three sessions a week for eight weeks), each lasting ۱۵ to ۳۰ minutes. In addition, the Sa and ET+Sa groups were given ۲۵mg/kg saffron extract per day. The Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to analyze the data (P≥۰.۰۵). Results: ET, Sa, and ET+Sa significantly decreased cytochrome C and calmodulin kinase ۲ (P≥۰.۰۵). In addition, ET+Sa significantly reduced calmodulin kinase two more than training (P=۰.۰۴). Conclusion: Based on the results, Training and saffron consumption appear to have the same impacts on reducing cytochrome C and calmodulin kinase ۲. However, simultaneous training and saffron consumption can improve the gene expression levels of calmodulin kinase ۲.

کلیدواژه ها:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) ، Cytochrome c ، Calmodulin kinase ۲ ، Saffron consumption ، Endurance training