Effectiveness of Time-Perspective Training on Time-Balancing and Self-Regulation among Female Students

Abstract Introduction: The present study has aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the time-perspective training on time-balancing and self-regulation among grade 9 female students living in Tehran. Method: This research was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all grade 9 female students without Balanced Time-Perspective (BTP). The samples were chosen randomly from high-school students and were then divided into control and experimental groups. The members of the experimental group experienced the time-perspective training sessions and then the results were compared to those of controls. Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-A) were used for gathering data. Also, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics of variance for repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonfroni test was used at α= 0.05 through SPSS Ver.22 software . Results: Findings revealed that time perspective training had an effect on the time balancing and academic self-regulation of students and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p <0.0001) while such an effect remained in the two-month follow-up phase (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The therapists are recommended to use time-perspective training among the students in order to provide their future with better psychological health.

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Keywords: Time-perspective Training ، Balanced Time Perspective ، Time-Balancing ، academic self-regulation