Effects of amitraz on the parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hym. :Aphelinidae): IOBC methods

The side effects of amitraz at three rates (the maximum recommended field concentration, 1/2 and 1/4 themaximum recommended field concentration) on Encarsia formosa were tested in the laboratory using theIOBC classification. The pupal mortality, fecundity and longevity in the parasitoid wasps exposed topesticide were determined. Results showed that there is a significant difference in pupae mortality betweenthe treatments and the untreated control group, while amitraz have no adverse effects on fecundity andlongevity. According to the IOBC classification, amitraz at the maximum recommended field concentration(E=90.6) and 1/2 dose of it (E=82.3) were found to be moderately harmful while 1/4 dose of amitraz(E=63.2) was slightly harmful for E. formosa. It can be concluded that 1/4 dose of amitraz are relatively safefor E. formosa and probably they can be used for integrated pest management in integration with E. formosafor control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum.

کلیدواژه ها:

Encarsia formosa ، amitraz ، side effects ، Trialeurodes vaporariorum