Minimal Invasive Spinal Endoscopic Procedures: Evidence and Techniques

There are several endoscopic techniques that can utilized in the treatment spine disorders.The utilization of indirect visualization during procedures has been increasingly replacing traditional forms ofdirect visualization across many different surgical specialties.The spinal endoscopy, using small cameras placed inside spinal canal, allowing physicians to provide thesame anatomic solutions with less tissue dissection, resulting in lower requirements for inpatient care, reducedcosts, and expedited recovery.Patient demand for less invasive spine procedures and surgeon drive to provide these solutions and improvecare quality has driven global adoption of spinal endoscopy.There are numerous endoscopic platforms and techniques currently utilized, and these systems are rapidlyevolving. Additionally, the variance in technology and health system incentives across the globe has generatedtremendous regional heterogeneity in the utilization of spinal endoscopic procedures.Endoscopic imaging has also been playing an important role in minimal invasive spinal (MIS) andinterventional procedures for many years, because high-resolution intraoperative imaging facilitatesminimalized access ports to the operating site. This therefore provides a tool designed to implement conceptsfor minimally invasive surgery.We will a consolidated review, including the background, evidence, techniques, and trends in spinalendoscopy, so that clinicians can gain a deeper understanding this rapidly evolving domain of spinalhealthcare.