The clinical information and graphical representation of chronic kidney diseases

Background and aims: The most Important function of the kidneys is to remove waste productsand excess water from the blood and Loss of kidney function leads to various health issues, suchas anemia, high blood pressure, bone disease, disorders of cholesterol. This systematic literaturereview aims to investigate the frontiers of the current research in graphical representation ofchronic kidney diseases and processing patient data.Method: Traditionally, a confounder is defined by three criteria. First, it must have an associationwith the outcome, meaning that it should be a risk factor for the outcome. Second, it must be associatedwith the exposure. Last, it must not be in the causal path from exposure to outcome, thusnot be a consequence of the exposure.Results: Using these criteria, age classifies as a confounder in the relationship between chronickidney diseases and mortality. In the general population, people with chronic kidney diseases areon average older than people without chronic kidney diseases. Among elderly subjects, the riskof mortality is also higher.Conclusion: Directed acyclic graphs provide an extension and a more formal method than thetraditional method for detecting turbulence. Therefore, directed acyclic diagrams can contributeto this debate among clinicians and researchers by providing a visual representation for discussingcausal research questions by clarifying underlying assumptions about causal mechanisms.

کلیدواژه ها:

Graphical representation ، Renal failure ، Clinical information