Effects of social media on vaccine hesitancy using artificial intelligence (AI): a systematic review

Background and aims: Vaccines are the most efficient tool for preventing infectious diseases byproviding actively acquired immunity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccinehesitancy is one of the major global issues. In the modern world, social media has a greateffect on people’s lives and decisions. There is a huge amount of information and even misinformationabout vaccination on social media. Recently, artificial intelligence models have beenused to evaluate conversations related to the vaccine on social media and classify them. In thissystematic review, the effect of social media on vaccine hesitancy will be clarified.Method: A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases includingPubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar up to October ۲۰۲۲. The retrieved publicationswere evaluated by two independent authors. All studies that used AI models or algorithmsto classify social media conversations related to vaccines were included. Any study that used AIand social media databases to extract adverse events was excluded. Studies that met our inclusioncriteria were then critically appraised by two authors independently. Data from the studies thatmet our inclusion criteria was extracted using Excel.Results: We retrieved ۸۶ relevant publications from electronic databases. After a thorough examinationof the titles and abstracts and the removal of duplicate publications (n = ۳۵), ۶۲ studieswere eliminated. The full texts of twenty-four papers were reviewed, and seven studies ultimatelymet our inclusion criteria. In four of these studies, machine learning (ML) was used: deep learning(DL) in one, natural language processing (NLP) in another, and ensemble learning in one. Twitterwas examined in six studies and Facebook in one.Conclusion: Given the impact on people’s desire for vaccination, vaccine information can be extremelyimportant. Using artificial intelligence to classify social media comments about vaccinesin a new era Minor changes are required for AI models to completely evaluate the effect of socialmedia on vaccine hesitancy.

کلیدواژه ها:

artificial intelligence ، social media ، vaccine ، vaccine hesitancy