Impact of IL-۳۵ and presepsin on immunological, hematological, and biochemical parameters in COVID-۱۹ patients

Backgrounds: Immune-inflammatory responses appear to play a key role in severe SARS-CoV-۲ infections. Interleukin-۳۵ (IL-۳۵) and presepsin (PSN) are inhibitory cytokine and pro-inflammatory interleukin, which play a crucial role in the immune system modulation, respectively. Therefore, the study of IL-۳۵ and PSN interaction with other parameters may be critical for managing patients with COVID-۱۹. Materials & Methods: A total of ۱۲۵ severe/critical COVID-۱۹ patients and ۶۰ healthy persons as a control group were enrolled in this work. These patients were admitted to Marjan medical city and Al-Sadeq hospital in Iraq during February to August ۲۰۲۲ and diagnosed as severe cases depending on the SpO۲ percentage according to the guidelines released by the National Health World. Anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-۳۵ and PSN) were detected by ELISA technique. Findings: Presepsin showed a positive correlation with admission to the respiratory care unit (RCU) (r= .۰۲۲, p= .۰۱۱). A negative correlation was found between presepsin and C- reactive protein (CRP) (r= .۲۱, p= .۰۱۸). Both PSN and IL-۳۵ in biochemical tests showed a positive strong effect on glucose levels in COVID-۱۹ patients (r= .۲۳۴, p= .۰۰۸ and r= .۲۴۱, p= .۰۰۷, respectively). IL-۳۵ had a positive impact on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (r= .۲۸, p= .۰۰۲). Hemoglobin (Hb) level showed a positive correlation with presepsin (r= .۲, p= .۰۲). Conclusion: This study confirms the growing evidence showing the direct role of regulatory pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development and control of COVID-۱۹ through the interaction with other parameters.

کلیدواژه ها:

Interleukin-۳۵ ، COVID-۱۹ ، Inflammatory cytokine ، Presepsin ، SARS-CoV-۲.