Insulin Neuroprotection: Would We Experience the Second Insulin-Related Turning Point?

Since the late ۱۹th and early ۲۰th centuries, scientists were able to discover things like Langerhans islets, insulin mechanism of action, and the pathophysiology of Diabetes mellitus; this is why people are often familiar with insulin for its endocrine properties. These events are considered an “important milestone in the history of medicine” (۱). But when it comes to cellular and molecular medicine, that's when completely different fields beyond the previous fields reveal themselves for insulin. In the care of patients during the perioperative period, there are very sensitive organs such as the brain, and any damage to them leads to irreversible damage. Anesthesiologists always face very sensitive and critical challenges in the field of perioperative caring for patients, especially patients with diseases of large organs; with the greatest concern when they want to take care of these patients in terms of brain protection (۲).