Comparison of the Eight Different Treatment Regimens for the Hospitalized Patients with COVID-۱۹: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID -۱۹), characterized by a mild to severe respiratory illness, has been affecting the world since late ۲۰۱۹ and leading to an increase in hospitalizations and deaths. There is still no specific, highly effective treatment for this disease. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the eight treatment regimens for hospitalized patients with COVID-۱۹. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-۱۹ by a real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal samples. Results: Among all patients hospitalized with COVID-۱۹ between March to September ۲۰۲۰, ۸۶۱ patients were included in the study. This study indicated that treatment protocols included either remdesivir or favipiravir were superior to hydroxychloroquine in reducing the risk of in-hospital mortality of the patients with confirmed COVID-۱۹, especially in critical patients defined as those who were ICU admitted or under mechanical ventilation (HR, ۰.۴۳; ۹۵% CI, ۰.۲۳ to ۰.۸۲; P=۰.۰۱۱ and HR, ۰.۴۵; ۹۵% CI, ۰.۲۲ to ۰.۹۰; P=۰.۰۲۴, respectively). Whereas receiving lopinavir/ritonavir in combination with either hydroxychloroquine plus interferon β and corticosteroids (HR, ۱.۸۵; ۹۵% CI, ۱.۱۷ to ۲.۹۴; P=۰.۰۰۹), hydroxychloroquine plus interferon β (HR, ۱.۶۶; ۹۵% CI, ۱.۰۱ to ۲.۷۴; P=۰.۰۴۶), or interferon β (HR, ۱.۸۰; ۹۵% CI, ۱.۱۲ to ۲.۸۹; P=۰.۰۱۵) was associated with a significant increase in this risk. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that using remdesivir and favipiravir in combination with interferon β and corticosteroids might be beneficial in hospitalized patients with COVID-۱۹, especially critical ones.

کلیدواژه ها:

Coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ ، Critically ill ، In-hospital mortality ، Treatment regimens