Formation of Zoonoses in the South of Russia: Climate Change and Anthropogenic Factors Expanding the Area of Zoonosis

We mainly analyzed the situation for a number of climate-dependent transmissible diseases of various etiologies in territories of southern Russia and also assessed the possible impact of climate change on the vectors of pathogens by mathematical modeling using climate predictors. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a non-transmissible viral zoonosis widespread in Russia. It is considered one of the most important natural focal diseases. We examined leptospirosis and tularemia as climate-dependent diseases of bacterial etiology. Leptospirosis is transmitted only non-transmissively, while tularemia, in addition to a number of non-transmissible pathways, is characterized by a facultative-transmissible pathway, and arthropods, primarily blood-sucking dipterans, act as mechanical carriers. Among the transmissible natural focal diseases of various etiologies, we examined tick-borne encephalitis, ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease), tick-borne typhus (tick-borne rickettsiosis), and Crimean hemorrhagic fever.