Feedback in Higher Education: Principles, Strategies and Models

Usually, learners don't know what they have to learn at the beginning and they don't have the necessary skills to evaluate their progress; Therefore, performance criticism or providing feedback by the educator is a necessary and inseparable part of learning, especially for beginners. Today, experts believe that an effective teacher should provide regular and continuous feedback to students. This review builds on the already existing body of latest research on feedback, including:  Agree on the need for feedback, Historical Overview of feedback,  Principles and characteristics of effective feedback,  Advantages of feedback in higher education,  Different dimensions and strategies of providing feedback,  Models for providing feedback to students, ۱۴ standards for providing correct feedback, Challenges of feedback in higher education. Thus, in this brief review, we attempt to provide a thorough explanation of feedback principles, its effectiveness in higher education, and then discuss possible strategies of models and providing feedback. The results of the review of studies show that the views of faculty members and students are not the same regarding the status of providing feedback in education. This review aims to discuss the general overview of the principles and characteristics of effective feedback, dimensions and different strategies for providing feedback and models for providing feedback to students. We believe a deep understanding of the strategies, models and history of feedback is absolutely necessary for using in developing higher education.

کلیدواژه ها:

feedback ، Higher education ، Models ، Strategies ، Students