Melatonin hormone and breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Breast cancer is one of women's health problems that causes serious physical, mental and economic damage to the patient and his family. The drugs used in the treatment prevent the growth of breast cancer by mechanisms. Several proteins, including melatonin, play a role in implementing these mechanisms. For this reason, knowing the executive mechanisms, related genes and getting to know melatonin news and its benefits in breast cancer can help to design new and efficient molecular methods in the control and treatment of breast cancer. Melatonin is a natural product found in plants and animals. In animals, this substance is known as a hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain at night and is associated with the control of the sleep-wake cycle. A very small amount of melatonin is found in foods such as meats, legumes, fruits and vegetables, cherries, bananas, plums, grapes, rice, grains, and olive oil. When birds eat plant food rich in melatonin, such as rice, melatonin binds to melatonin receptors in their brains. When a person uses foods rich in melatonin, such as bananas, pineapples, and oranges, the level of melatonin in the blood increases significantly. Melatonin is also available in the market as a melatonin supplement. This supplement should be used one hour before going to sleep, and its effectiveness increases with the reduction of ambient light. The amount of secretion of this hormone is maximum at night and minimum near noon. The secretion of melatonin may start earlier, or in most cases later, in the short days of winter. This change in the process of melatonin secretion may play a role in the development of seasonal affective disorder symptoms of winter depression. The natural level of melatonin gradually decreases with age. In some elderly people, the production of melatonin may be reduced or completely stopped. Melatonin plays a role in synchronizing circadian rhythms, including sleep-wake time and regulating blood pressure, and in controlling seasonal rhythms, including reproduction, fattening, moulting, and hibernation. Many of its effects are through activation of melatonin receptors, while others are due to its role as an antioxidant. In plants, it also acts to defend against oxidative stress. Melatonin is produced in the body and has a wide range of effects, the most important of which include its oncostatic properties through induction of apoptosis, inhibition of epidermal growth factors in cancer cells, stimulation of the immune system to destroy cancer cells, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Melatonin is effective on oxidative stress caused by electromagnetic radiation and calcium signaling molecular pathways in breast cancer. Exposure to electromagnetic waves may increase the risk of breast cancer, and this is caused by oxidative stress and inhibition of melatonin production in the body. Melatonin may modulate oxidative stress and calcium influx in cancer cell lines. to moderate breast cancer. The right dose of melatonin varies greatly from person to person. The recommended dose is usually ۰.۵ mg. It is enough to use only for a period of ۲۰ or ۳۰ and a maximum of ۴۰ nights

کلیدواژه ها:

Melatonin hormone ، breast cancer ، cell cycle