Goal-Oriented Perspective on Rationality: Reasons, Conflicts, and Paradoxes

This paper is a review of the goal-based definition of “Reason” that is rooted in David Hume's views and deals with reasons and conflicts arising from it in the form of “Goal and Time” conflicts, where the difference between the goals of “Metaphorical” and “Figurative” plays a vital role in the correct explanation of this concept. On the other hand, the paradoxes of rationality have long been considered in the form of “Cognitive Biases” in studies, but this paper presents a concept of “Rational Ignorance” and “Rational Irrationality”, “Threats”, “Madman Theory”, “Taboo” and “Morality” that have not received much attention so far and explains why many political and religious beliefs are characterized not only by low information but also by systematic bias and high certainty.

کلیدواژه ها:

Reason ، Rationality ، Goal and Time Conflicts ، Rational Ignorance ، RationalIrrationality