Bone repair by regenerative medicine and exosomes secreted from mesenchymal stem cells

Bone disorders are one of the newest problems of old age, and are also seen in the non-elderly population. In the traditional method, the treatment process was slow and performed by surgery.Today, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a new tool for bone and cartilage treatment due to their various properties, such as replication, different differentiation potential, the release of cytokines and growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells have functions similar to parental cells and can regenerate.By secreting exosomes and paracrine effects, MSCs can regulate the immune system, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In addition, they have the potential to treat bone diseases by using their biological cargo such as proteins and miRNAs.In fact, by connecting to the target cell, it changes their function by discharging the cargo into the cytoplasm. One of the advantages of using this method, known as a cell-free treatment, is increased immunity and faster penetration of the tissue, and it dramatically reduces the risk of tumors and expansions. The effect of exosome treatment is still available for clinical study and they are promising alternatives for bone grafting.The aim of this article is to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and we can hope to replace this technology for bone repair.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bone regeneration ، Exosome ، Regenerative medicine