Cell-free DNA as a diagnostic marker for the detection of ۵ common silent cancer in early stages; a systematic review

Introduction and objective: Detection of cancers in early stages makes the opportunity to use treatments when they are achievable and cause less morbidity, better prognosis, and even the possibility to cure cancer. some cancers that we know as silent cancers can all go unnoticed by patients until they are very advanced-stage tumors, which makes it challenging to diagnose them in their early stages. ۵ of the most common silent cancers are Lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. In recent studies, analyzing cell-free DNA as a liquid biopsy method has shown great promise to use as a diagnostic approach to detect cancers in early stages in non-invasive ways. Cell-free DNA is a fragment of DNA in body fluids that its expression altered in malignancies even in its early stages. By analyzing its quantitive aspects, methylation of a specific gene, and analyzing Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) which is a tumor-Derived fragmented DNA in the body fluids that have come from the primary or metastatic cancer site Method: In this review, relevant studies were searched in scientific databases fusing Based on their title, keywords associated with cancer, cell-free DNA and Circulating tumor DNA from ۲۰۱۶ to march ۲۰۲۲. Out of ۴۵۶ studies, ۳۱ articles related to our aim according to the inclusion criteria of this review article, were studied. Result: A total of ۳۱ articles were enrolled in our review: ۲۱ studies reviewed cfDNA and each of ۵ common cancers together (۴۰% colorectal cancer, ۲۵% lung cancer, ۱۵% Pancreatic cancer, ۱۰% Ovarian cancer, and ۱۰% breast cancer.) and ۱۰ other studies reviewed cfDNA on its own and its application in different diseases. Conclusion: we systematically review cfDNA and its role as a marker for the early diagnosis of ۵ common silent cancer. the results of this review indicate that analyzing cfDNA is a useful and promising way for the early detection of cancers but it still has low sensitivity to use as a screening tool even though it has high specificity. further results vary depending on the type of cancer and the method of cfDNA analysis. we categorize our Results into several groups in which we reviewed recent studies about cfDNA and each of ۵ common silent cancer in which we discuss the status, advances, and challenges associated with using Cell-free DNA as a diagnostic marker for them.

کلیدواژه ها:

cancer ، cell-free DNA ، Circulating tumor DNA