CRISPR/Cas۹ technique for lymphocytic leukemia; a systematic review

Introduction: The CRISPR/Cas۹ technique is one of the newest gene editing tools designed based on the bacterial immune system. This system consists of Cas۹ core and single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA) to cleave two DNA strands in a specific sequence. Binding of a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) downstream of the target site helps guide Cas۹-mediated DSBs. The CRISPR-Cas۹ method has been effectively used in gene deletion, gene expression regulation, and high-throughput gene screening, and is an important tool for advancing functional studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) through incorporation, deletion, and correction of somatic mutations. This method is the most effective tool for developing gene therapy for ALL, but it still needs optimization for accurate gene editing.Method: In this review, relevant studies were searched in scientific databases fusing Based on their title, keywords associated with cancer, CRISPR/Cas۹ and acute lymphoblastic leukemia from ۲۰۱۴ to march ۲۰۲۲. Out of ۴۵۶ studies, ۳۱ articles related to our aim according to the inclusion criteria of this review article, were studied.Result: A total of ۳۱ articles were enrolled in our review: ۲۱ studies reviewed CRISPR/Cas۹ and each of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). and ۱۰ other studies reviewed CRISPR/Cas۹ on its own and its application in chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL).Conclusion: we systematically review CRISPR/Cas۹ and its role as a marker for the early diagnosis of ۵ common silent cancer. the results of this review indicate that analyzing CRISPR/Cas۹ is a useful and promising way for the early detection of cancers but it still has low sensitivity to use as a screening tool even though it has high specificity. Furthermore, the clinical applications in different cancers, clinical trials, and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas۹ delivery and genome targeting are also discussed.