Consequences of breastfeeding in pregnant and lactating women exposed tocigarette smoke

Background: Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and breastfeeding has many risksand adverse consequences for the mother and baby. In this review, we evaluated the side effects ofcigarette smoke in non-smoking women during pregnancy and lactation.Methods: In this review, we searched numerous trusted articles: Medline, TCINAHL, EMBASE,and Google Scholar from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۲, finally twenty articles were selected for entering the study.After analyzing, the results were obtained.Results: The results showed that mothers who were inadvertently exposed to smoke and tobaccoin some way, either during pregnancy or breastfeeding, experienced many consequences both inthe short and long term, like stopping breastfeeding before six months. Also the probability ofsevere bronchitis and long-term hospitalization is higher for children of non-smoking mothersexposed to cigarette smoke whose breastfeeding period was less than four months, but thisrelationship did not exist after six months. In another study, it was seen that the effects of smokingare always visible in children, regardless of the duration of breastfeeding. It should be noted thatexposure to tobacco smoke in infants will significantly reduce the level of antioxidants vitamins A,C and E in the serum. However, continued breastfeeding may help prevent decreased levels ofantioxidant vitamins in infants of smoke-exposed mothers. In another study, it was seen that theprofile of lipids in these infants was lower five to seven days after birth. Four months later, theamount of albumin in the milk of the non-exposed group ۵-۷ days after birth was significantlyhigher than that of the exposed group, but this relationship was not significantly different ۴ monthsafter delivery.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is recommended to avoid smoking in the vicinityof mothers, pregnant and lactating women and its risks should be considered serious. Thenecessary training should be provided in this field through the media, educational and healthcenters and maternal health officials. It is worth mentioning that couples training will play a keyrole in this field.

کلیدواژه ها:

Second Hand Smoke ، Lactation ، Pregnancy.