Effects of hookah use on health outcomes

Background: Hookah consumption is a major health concern in the world. Despite nearly threedecades of preventive and control measures, its consumption is increasing in most countries. Thepurpose of this research is to investigate the effects of hookah consumption on health outcomes.Methods: The current study is a short review study that was designed in ۲۰۲۲. By searchinginternational and national databases, including Scientific Information Databases (SID) andPubMed, articles on the effects of hookah consumption on health outcomes were collected from۲۰۱۷ to ۲۰۲۲. After reviewing the search results, finally, ۷۸ studies were used to write this study.Results: Based on the available evidence, tobacco use is significantly associated with lung cancer,respiratory diseases, and low birth weight, and compared to non-smokers, smokers have a ۱۰-foldincreased risk of developing and developing periodontal diseases. . Also, tobacco use is associatedwith oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic health conditions, myocardial infarction, asthma,and oral diseases.Conclusion: High-quality studies to identify the health consequences of smoking are needed todefinitively determine the investigated cases, and as the World Health Organization (WHO) haspreviously recommended, more studies are needed in this area.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hookah ، Health ، Tobacco.