Relationship Between Smoking and the COVID-۱۹ Infection Outcome Among Hospitalized Patients

Background: Smoking is one of the coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) risk factors, and smoking patients experience greater respiratory complications than non-smokers do. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and the COVID-۱۹ infection outcome in southern Iran using data from COVID-۱۹ inpatients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used the data of ۳۵۴۸ COVID-۱۹ inpatients recorded in ۲۲ hospitals of Hormozgan province from February ۲۰۲۰ to May ۲۰۲۱. The smoking status of COVID-۱۹ patients was separately analyzed based on treatment received during hospitalization with grade ۴ (death) and grade ۰ (no oxygen intake) using multiple logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version ۹.۱. Results: The average length of stay upon admission was six days. Among men, former smokers had an increased risk of grades ۳ and ۴ based on age (OR: ۱.۳۱) and date of admission (OR: ۱.۴۵(. Among women with a history of former smoking, increased risks were observed in those with grades ۳ and ۴ for age (OR: ۱.۷۴) and date of admission (OR: ۱.۵۹). In the current male smokers, there was no significant increased risk of grade ۳ and grade ۴, but the current female smokers had an increased risk of grades ۳ and ۴. Conclusion: The present study indicated that being a former smoker, having old age, being male gender, and having a co-morbidity were associated with a high risk of severe COVID-۱۹. The risk of severe disease increased significantly in the presence of certain diseases, which indicates the need for continuous examination and monitoring of patients with comorbidities

کلیدواژه ها:

COVID-۱۹ ، Infectious disease ، Smoking ، Risk factors