Effects of Spirulina platensis on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induced-oxidative Stress and Liver Damage in Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus)

Background: Nanoparticles are increasingly exposed to ecosystems and people due to their large-scale manufacture and usage. The use of nanomaterials has increased their discharge into the aquatic environment.Objectives: This research evaluated the protective effect of Spirulina platensis against liver damage and oxidative stress in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) after exposure to Iron oxide nanoparticles.Methods: Juvenile grey mullets were randomly classified into ۱۲ equal groups: Group ۰, ۹۶h control group; Group ۱, ۶۰ days control group; Group ۲, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) at ۱۵mg/kg for ۹۶h; Group ۳, IONPs at ۱۵mg/kg for ۶۰ days; Group ۴, S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg for ۹۶h; Group ۵, S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg for ۶۰ days, Group ۶, IONPs at ۱۵mg/kg+S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg for ۹۶h; Group ۷, IONPs at ۱۵mg/kg+S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg for ۶۰ days; Group ۸, IONPs at ۱۵mg/kg (for ۲ weeks) followed by S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg for ۹۶h; Group ۹, IONPs at ۱۵mg/kg (for ۲ weeks) followed by S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg for ۶۰ days; Group ۱۰, S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg (for ۲ weeks) followed by IONPs at ۱۵mg/kg for ۹۶h; Group ۱۱, S. platensis at ۳۰۰mg/kg (for ۲ weeks) followed by IONPs at ۱۵mg/kg for ۶۰ days. At the end of the experiment, samples of the liver were extracted and subjected to analyses to measure reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA)Results: MDA levels in the liver were shown to have dramatically risen in the current investigation, but antioxidant SOD and GSH activity in the IONPs-treated group had significantly reduced compared to the controls. When compared to fish solely treated with IONPs, S. platensis treatment dramatically reduced liver MDA and CAT activity and raised SOD and GSH.Conclusion: All prior metrics significantly improved when IONPs-induced liver damage in fish was prevented by spirulina. By scavenging free radicals, reducing inflammation, and restoring endogenous antioxidant defense systems, S. platensis therapy has a protective effect in the liver of grey mullet against damage and oxidative stress in the IONPs.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antioxidant ، Iron oxide nanoparticles ، Liver ، Mugil cephalus ، Spirulina platensis