Aspects of Epidemiology, pathology, virology, immunology, transmission, prevention, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-۱۹) Pandemic: A narrative review

Undoubtedly, COVID-۱۹ pandemic is one of the largest pandemics and one of the most international challenges for health care system of various countries in the world. This is a narrative review study based on the studies published related with different aspects of COVID-۱۹. The highest number of active cases are in the USA, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, Colombia and the disease surveillance system must operate more quickly, timely, effectively and sensitively in these countries. Range of COVID-۱۹ incubation period is variable, with a median of approximately ۵-۷ days and a mean greater than median. What is clear is that the SARS-CoV-۲ Basic Reproduction Number is significantly higher than one and its transmission power is extremely high. Although SARS-CoV-۲ can lead to severe respiratory illness like SARS and MERS, but the evidence shows that the virus is less pathogenic than SARS-CoV and much less than MERS-CoV. Overall, it can be stated that mortality and fatality risk due to COVID-۱۹ in men, age increase, severity of disease, systemic disease, as well as inadequate access to sufficient healthcare services will increase and clinicians should pay special attention to these patients. Survival time of the virus varies on the surfaces and depends on various factors such as surface type, temperature or environmental humidity and other factors. There is currently no specific treatment and effective vaccine for COVID-۱۹.The coronavirus pandemic is more consistent with the epidemiological triangle model, which emphasizes that the disease is the result of the interaction of three factors of host, Agent and the environment. Therefore, prevention and treatment activities should focus on cutting the virus transmission chain. The main way to deal with viral epidemics is prevention. The emerging of this ruthless virus has once again reminded us that communicable diseases should never be underestimated and forgotten. Considering the speedy transmission of COVID-۱۹, the healthcare worker should consider timely detection and safeguards to prevent the transmission of the virus to healthy individuals.

کلیدواژه ها:

COVID-۱۹ ، Pandemics ، Narrative Review ، Epidemiology ، Infectious