Bone biomarker for clinical assessment of bone during the aging process and osteoporosis: recent developments

Background and aim: Bone quality is usually assessed through the bone mineralisation process, which however offers an incomplete view on the quality of the bone .project proposes to utilize cortical bone free water, a richer source of information on bone porosity. The purpose of our study was to uses short echo time (TE) pulse sequences to quantify bone water T۱ and to obtain information about bone microstructure and timely evaluation of osteoporposis.Materials and method: in this review article the keywords were cortical bone free water, T۱ quantification, aging and osteoporosis based on PubMed, Scopuse and Google scholar database during the ۲۰۱۵-۲۰۲۱s. Then , the information collected by selecting featured articles.Results: osteoporosis is worldwide disease with reduction of bone mass and decrease of bone strength to result in bone fragility and fracture. Based on the report of world Health organization (WHO) at the disease of osteoporosis has been diagnosed by bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and /or the spine. this techniques are majorly based on x -Ray imaging, which is considered to yield bone properties including stiffness, toughness and strain. Given the fact that BMD only accounts for ۳۰_۵۰% of fractures, it can be concluded that bone quality assessment should not be limited to only BMD measurement . for this reason , the new studies have moved toward quantifying free water and evaluating bone from a newer perspective. cortical bone free water T۱ was quantified via three different methods : inversion recovery (IR) ,variable flip angle (VFA), and variable repetition time (VRT) .in this review article ,dual _TR(VRT) and short echo time methods were used to quantify bon free water .Conclusion: Quantification of cortical bone free water T۱ by VRT method showed that with increasing age and osteoporosis , the amount of cortical bone free water T۱ increases and this increase in time can be considered a biomarker for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cortical bone Free water ، T۱ quantification ، aging ، osteoporosis