Oral microbiota and its association with Alzheimer's disease

Introduction: A wide range of health problems that begin or worsen as people get older. The most common chronic infections in adults are periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis is known to increase in prevalence and severity with age. Both the scientific community and public health policymakers should prioritize efforts to improve the treatment and prevention of those diseases. Materials and Methods: To find potentially relevant studies, we used Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed to search articles in English references. Results: The survey revealed that ۸.۹% of the population had severe periodontitis, a figure that increased to ۱۱% in subjects aged ۶۵ years and older. Periodontal diseases contribute to a systemic inflammatory state or the systemic dissemination of oral microorganisms, the so-called "mobile microbiome," which may trigger disease processes elsewhere in the body, according to current hypotheses linking oral diseases to systemic conditions. Aging brings with it a slew of health issues, including Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive decline. There may be a link between oral health problems, particularly tooth loss, and cognitive decline. Within the AD brain, there is evidence of an inflammatory response. Astrocytes are drawn to inflammatory sites and, once activated, become hypertrophic, contributing to the inflammatory process by releasing proinflammatory cytokines like TNF and IL-۱. Apo lipoprotein E (ApoE) is produced by activated astrocytes and may be involved in A fibrillization. The cycle of continued release of proinflammatory cytokines and amyloidosis exacerbates neuronal damage over months or years. In Alzheimer's patients, higher levels of serum TNF and serum antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and P. gingivalis were found compared to controls.Conclusion: The odds ratio for Alzheimer's disease was ۶.۱ for serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens. In elderly patients, Fusobacterium species have been reported to be among the most commonly identified taxa. The importance of additional studies examining changes in the oral microbiota that occur with aging is highlighted by recent findings implicating the subgingival microbiota and "immunosenescence" in the cognitive decline that follows Alzheimer's disease.

کلیدواژه ها:

Alzheimer ، Astrocytes ، Immunosenescence ، Oral microbiota ، Fusobacterium