Design and Development of ۳D In Vitro Models in CardiovascularTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the mos t leading cause ofmortality in the USA and cos ts $۳۰۰ billion per year. Due tothe lack of appropriate and reliable in vitro models to recapitulatethe complex s tructure of the heart organ (from the earlys tages of development to a mature organ), our unders tandingis s till limited, and we need more well-developed models tobe able to accurately inves tigate the ultras tructural, functional,his tochemical, molecular analysis, and gene expression characteristics of the heart. Moreover, the transplantation of bioengineeredtissues that can adequately and simultaneously meet thebiochemical, electrical, and mechanical demands of the nativeheart tissue to promote regeneration (for example, followingmyocardial infarction: MI) is hindered due to the lack of angiogenesis.Integration of nanotechnology, advanced biomaterials,and biology can result in the design and development of invitro models (such as cardiac patches, ۳D bioprinted cons tructs,cardiac organoids, vascular grafts, bioengineered heart tissues,etc.) that can successfully overcome some of the key limitationsthat can impede the translational applications of them.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biomaterials ، Cardiovascular Diseases ، MyocardialInfarction ، Nanomedicine ، Nanomaterials ، Regenerative Medicine ، Tissue Engineering