The Application of Imaging in Detecting CesareanScar Defects

Assis ted reproductive technology produced the world’s firs t IVFbaby, Louise Brown, in the UK in ۱۹۷۸; since then, many infertilecouples have achieved a family through IVF. For the minority ofcouples where gamete donation is required, this remains a controversialand taboo topic within Islam. Whils t Sunni Islam absolutelyforbids the use of third-party reproductive gametes/assis tance,Shi’a Islam is somewhat more lenient towards this practice. Reproductivetourism has therefore become prevalent in Shi’a-majorityMiddle Eas tern countries (Iran) that permit the use of donor gametesin assis ted reproductive technologies; however, this continuesto evoke a s trong bioethical debate both within the Shi’a and themajority ( ۸۵%) Sunni Muslim groups.The social and ethical dilemmas faced by Muslim couples, boththose living in Muslim majority countries, as well as in Wes tern countries, remain very similar and this paper will explore the progressmade by scholars, legislators, physicians and patient groupsto unders tand the pain these couples face from being childless andoptions that some of them take despite religious rulings on thirdparty donation.