A review on the structure and applications of Sargassum algae, Muticum

Sargassum muticum is a brown seaweed, normally brown to yellowish with a length up to ۱۰ m. It is an autotroph that uses energy from sunlight. The photosynthesis is facilitated thanks to aerial vesicles which allow the algae to rise to the surface. Sargassum muticum is composed of two distinct parts: a perennial part, which contains the holdfast and one or more short main axes; and an annual part: the secondary axes, which develop on the main axis, whose growth is unlimited and whose size is variable. There are three types of ramifications: laterals with foliaceous expansions called fronds, laterals with fronds and aerocysts and laterals with fronds, aerocysts and reproductive organs called receptacles. In winter, only the perennial part persists (۵ cm). In summer, the lateral part is in maximum development of ۲–۳ meters to ۱۰ meters.Sargassum muticum, commonly known as Japanese wireweed, is a large brown seaweed of the genus Sargassum. It is an invasive seaweed with high growth rate (up to ۱۰ cm per day during spring). It has an efficient dispersion thanks to its floats. Sargassum muticum methanol extract (SMME) can induce apoptosis of MCF-۷ cells and significantly decrease angiogenesis according to chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays, which indicated that SMME may decrease cancer cell proliferation and increase apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Sargassum muticum is an invasive brown seaweed which could not be eradicated from the Atlantic coasts. Therefore, periodic collection and valorization of its components has been suggested. Efficient multistage and multiproduct processes for the obtaining of valuable fractions from this seaweed, which also could be applicable to other brown seaweeds, were developed. This review discusses the potential of conventional and emerging technologies for the sequential extraction of S. muticum bioactives of interest for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sargassum ، Phaeophyceae ، Biorefinery ، Bioactives ، Green technologies