Isolation, characterization, and genome investigation ofvB_SenS_TUMS_E۴, a polyvalent bacteriophage against Salmonellaenteritidis

Background and Aim : Salmonellosis is a critical and common infectious malady between peopleand animals caused by Salmonella bacteria. With the advent of antibiotic resistance, it is essentialfor new methods to be replaced to prevent and treat infections. Bacteriophages are promisingchoices.Methods : In this study, phage vB_SenS_TUMS_E۴ against Salmonella enteritidis isolate hasbeen separated from poultry wastewater. Determination of phage characteristics, including plaqueformation, imaging with transmission electron microscopy, growth curve, structural proteinsprofile, host range, and pH and temperature parameters. Also, the Phage genome was extracted,sequenced, and annotated, and by utilizing Average Nucleotide Identity and phylogeny wascompared with reference Salmonella phages.Results : The burst size was large, nearly ۲۸۷ plaque-forming units per cell (PFU/cell) andelevated stability to many temperatures and pH values. Phage vB_SenS_TUMS_E۴ was effectiveon various clinical and environmental strains of Salmonella but did not affect bacteria of othergenera. The morphological analysis indicated that phage vB_SenS_TUMS_E۴ belongs to theSiphoviridae family. The genome of vB_SenS_TUMS_E۴ is a linear dsDNA molecule of ۴۳,۰۱۸bp with a G+C content of ۴۹.۷%. It includes ۶۰ protein-coding genes, yet it contains no tRNAgenes. Among the ۶۰ detected putative protein-coding genes, just ۴۳ gene products were containedin database searches. No genes associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence factor, andlysogenic were realized in the vB_SenS_TUMS_E۴ genome.Conclusion : The findings indicate that the high lytic potency vB_SenS_TUMS_E۴ polyvalentphage is an antibacterial agent for controlling Salmonella in food production, prevention, andSalmonella treatment.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bacteriophages ، Antibiotic resistance ، Salmonella enteritidis ، Siphoviridae ، Antibacterial agents