A New Insight into Nosocomial Infections: a Worldwide Crisis

Background and Aim : The term" Nosocomial" is attributed to the diseases acquired by thepatient under medical care. Various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, maycontribute to developing nosocomial infections (NIs). Urinary tract infections (UTI), surgical-siteinfections (SSI), bloodstream infections (BSI), and pneumonia are the most well-known instances.Methods : We investigated various aspects of NIs and the main causative agents of NIs,particularly bacteria, antibiotic resistance, crucial viral infections in hospitals, and a brief surveyof fungal infections in various databases including Pubmed, Scopus, and Google scholar.Results : It was concluded that specific human body tissues such as those in the lungs and urinarytract are more likely to be a target for nosocomial pathogens. The fatalities associated with theseinfections, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU), are serious concerns. Transmission byhealth facilities has become a primary medical issue because of its spread into the community.Another medical point is antibiotic resistance which is a leading cause of prolonged periods ofhospitalization and makes the treatment procedure harder and costlier.Conclusion : Additionally, measures to prevent the spread of NIs and minimize economic loss arediscussed. All physicians and medical students must be updated about different kinds of theseinfections, their causative agents, challenges, and how to deal with them to reduce theconsequences and improve public health.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nosocomial infections ، Bacterial and Viral agents ، Infection control and prevention