The effect of vancomycin-loaded niosomes on MRSA strains ofStaphylococcus aureus and expression of mecA, hla, and hlb genes

Background and Aim : Abstract Introduction and Objective: Niosomes have received a lot ofattention today due to their better penetration and controlled release. This study aimed to evaluatethe antimicrobial effect of vancomycin-loaded niosomes on the microbial species ofstaphylococcus aureus.Methods : Materials and methods: In this study, ۲۵۰ clinical samples of different patients’specimens including blood, wounds, skin, and urine were collected from different medical centers(Imam Hossein, Atieh, and Sarem) in ۲۰۲۰. To synthesize nanodrugs, vancomycin wasencapsulated in nosocomial nanocarriers by thin-film hydration, and optimization was performedbased on the three main characteristics of nanocarriers. The process of drug release fromnanocarriers and stability were investigated. Then, the antimicrobial properties against microbialspecies of staphylococcus aureus were investigated, and finally, the expression of mecA, hla, andhlb genes was determined using the real-time PCR technique.Results : Results: According to the designed tests, a Span۶۰ to Tween۶۰ ratio of ۵۰:۵۰ and lipidcontent of ۳۰۰ ?mol were selected as the optimal form. The optimal nanoliposomes showed a sizeof ۱۹۰.۷ nm, a particle dispersion index (PDI) of ۰.۱۷۷, and retention efficiency of ۷۱.۲۲%. Theprocess of drug release from the nanocarrier showed about ۵۰% drug release from the niosomeduring ۲۴ hours and about ۶۰% after ۷۲ hours. Stability studies over ۳ months at two temperaturesof ۲۵ °C and ۴ °C on the optimal sample showed that the samples stored in the refrigerator weremore stable. The antimicrobial properties of the vancomycin-loaded niosomes against thementioned microbial species showed better results compared to the free form of the drug. Thenanoparticle was also able to further reduce the expression of virulence genes including mecA,hla, and hlb compared to the free form of the drug.Conclusion : Conclusion: The favorable physical properties, efficient antimicrobial effects, andlow toxicity make vancomycin-loaded niosome nanocarriers a suitable candidate for the treatmentof some common bacterial wound infections. Keywords: niosome, vancomycin, bacterialinfection, thin-film hydration, virulence gene.

کلیدواژه ها:

niosome ، vancomycin ، bacterial infection ، thin-film hydration ، virulencegene.