The assessment of antibiotic resistance changes in the Covid-۱۹pandemic during ۲۰۲۰-۲۰۲۲: An epidemiological study

Background and Aim : The coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ seems to change antibiotic resistancepattern. Certain conditions in the Covid-۱۹ era may be contributing to the rise of AMR. Due to thelimitation of information on the impact of Covid-۱۹ on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thepurpose of this research aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli, P. aeruginosa,K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii in Hasheminezhad hospital in ۲ years of Covid-۱۹ pandemicand compare the antibiotic resistance pattern in ۹ seasons of the outbreak.Methods : ۱۶۷۲ clinical samples were collected from January ۲۰۲۰ (۲۱ Jan) and January ۲۰۲۲ (۳۰Jan) in Mashhad, Hasheminezhad Hospital. Conventional microbiological procedures foridentifying gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing are considered regardingthe clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) ۲۰۲۱. Also, two years of pandemic betweenJanuary ۲۰۲۰ and January ۲۰۲۲ were divided into ۹ periods according to the seasons.Results : The most resistance in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii were toAmpicillin (۸۹.۶%), Ampicillin (۹۸%), Nalidixic acid (۱۰۰%), and Cefazolin (۹۷.۷%)respectively. There was no significant difference in Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, and Nitrofurantoinfor K. pneumoniae and Ciprofloxacin for A. baumannii. For E. coli, the most change in antibioticresistance in Cefazolin was between Fall ۲۰۲۰ (۵۸.۶%) and Summer ۲۰۲۱ (۸۵.۹%). For K.pneumoniae, the most change in antibiotic resistance in Imipenem was between Spring ۲۰۲۰ (۲۰%)and Summer ۲۰۲۱ (۸۳.۷%). For P. aeruginosa, the most change in antibiotic resistance inMeropenem was between Summer ۲۰۲۰ (۸۲.۸%) and Spring ۲۰۲۱ (۱۰۰%). For A. baumannii, themost change in antibiotic resistance in Cefepime was between Winter ۲۰۲۰ (۸۰%) and Summer۲۰۲۱ (۱۰۰%).Conclusion : This study for the first time revealed that E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, andA. baumannii strains have a higher level of antibiotic resistance pattern than what was seen insimilar studies conducted before the pandemic which will further restrict treatment choices andjeopardize global public health.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antibiotic Resistance ، COVID-۱۹ Pandemic ، Escherichia coli ، Pseudomonasaeruginosa ، Klebsiella pneumoniae ، Acinetobacter baumannii