The effects of Microbiota in immune system

Background and Aim : Background : In recent years, there have been many investigations on themicrobiota and its effects on the human immune system and the mechanisms of immunemodulation and disease prevention or migitation.Methods : Method : The importance of microbiomes has been studied more as a defensive factorin the human body system.By colonization resistance,they fight against pathogens,increase theimmune system potency and the resistance level of epithelial barrier. They also play a role in theabsorption of micronutrients .The interaction between human microbiota and the host's immunesystem plays an important role in the process of infectious, pulmonary, gastrointestinal , metabolicand autoimmune diseases, so understanding this relationship can lead to developing noveldiagnostic and therapeutic methods.There are reports of manipulation of intestinal microbiota inthe treatment of GI diseases.use of probiotics, that are particular strains of microbiota, hasfavorable effects on host immunity and against pathogens, in addition to being useful in thetreatment of intestinal disorders, it has also been promising in the treatment of lung diseases.Oneshould consider the role of genetics, diet and environmental factors such as antibiotics in thecomposition of intestinal microbiota,moreover the dynamics of the GI system during infancy,which is easily influenced by extrinsic factors that leads to the conversion of microbiotacomposition. The relation between microbiota and infectious diseases has a two-way pattern, asthe microbiome fights against pathogens, its composition may also be affected after a severeinfectious disease such as sepsis and can lead to intensification of the disease and even organfailure. By increasing the growth of indigenous agents, the microbiota counteracts the colonizationof pathogens, which is possible through competitive metabolic interactions, direct killing of thepathogen, localization in intestinal niches, and induction of the host's immune response. Followingthe structural disturbance of the microbiota, the risk of infectious and inflammatory diseasesincreases.Results : Results : Microbiota has an important impact on health and illness, and various seriousdiseases are directly or indirectly affected by it ; and if considered in therapeutic modalities willhave many benefits for the patients.Conclusion : Conclusion : By understanding the interaction between the microbiome, the body'simmune system, and pathogenic agents, we can reach to a clinical perspective in diagnosing thediseases, and developing preventive and therapeutic solutions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Micobiologist ، immune system ، serious disease