The role of salt for autoimmune disease exact multiple sclerosis

Introduction: An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part. In recent decades’ scientists have observed a steady rise in the incidence of autoimmune diseases in the world. Since this increase cannot be explained solely by genetic factors, researchers hypothesize that the sharp increase in these diseases is linked to environmental factors. Recent studies provided evidence for an impact of dietary habits on the immune status and related disorders. Salt (sodium chloride; NaCl) is one component prevalent in processed food frequently consumed. Studying the mechanisms behind the effects of sodium chloride on immune cells like T helper (TH) ۱۷ cells and its implication as a risk factor for several diseases is a main goal. Methods: This essay was a systematic review of English articles published in PubMed, Nature, Semantic scholar and Research gate since ۲۰۱۰. Being up to date, matching with keywords and accessing the full text were incoming metrics. Result: Interleukin(IL)-۱۷ producing T helper cells (Th۱۷ cells) plays a pivotal role in autoimmune diseases exactly multiple sclerosis(MS).Researchers show that increased saltconcentrations found locally under physiological conditions in vivo dramatically boost the induction of murine and human Th۱۷ cells. Most researches demonstrated thatexcessive salt enhances the differentiation of Th۱۷ cells, inducing a highly pathogenic phenotype that aggravates experimental neuroinflammation. First human studies revealed an association of increased MS disease activity with elevated salt consumption, while more recent epidemiology studies in larger cohorts suggest no correlation between salt intake and MS. Recent data from long-term studies with volunteers subjected to constant sodium intake have shown that urine Na+ concentrations oscillate between day to day measurements. However, it is known that ordinary urinary sodium analyses and nutritional questionnaires do not necessarily correspond to the actual odium load and more sophisticated analyses are needed. Conclusion: Therefore, only further studies under less extreme conditions can show the extent to which increased salt intake actually contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases. Although more research is needed on the mechanisms underlying the impact of lifestyle on MS, studying the combined lifestyle factors simultaneously would help to enhance our understanding of the multifactorial impact on MS etiology".

کلیدواژه ها:

Autoimmunity ، Sodium Chloride ، T Helper (TH) ۱۷ Cells ، Multiple Sclerosis (MS).