An overview to diagnosis and treatment of childhood acutelymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the cancers that causes lots ofimmature lymphocytes and increases white blood cells. To investigate thisdisease, this study has searched many articles which were published at NCBI,PubMed, ScienceDirect, and websites such as cancer.gov.org, Americancancer society, etc.According to the aforementioned references, the present study suggests thatchildren with ALL may have symptoms like feeling breathless, they mayexperience repeated infections, unusual bleeding, night sweats, etc. Symptomscan help experts to diagnose ALL but for absolute diagnosis, experts do fullblood count cell (FBC) to count the number of blood cells. In the othermethod, a sample of bone marrow is taken and observed under a microscope.The exorbitant of the blast cells in the bone marrow validate ALL. Anotherway is to observe cerebrospinal fluid (CF) to check the presence of cancercells. The most effective treatment is chemotherapy which has ۳ phases whichare induction, intensification, and maintenance. Drugs such as L-asparaginase,vincristine, steroids like dexamethasone, anthracycline, etc. In central nervoussystem therapy, the aforementioned drugs are injected into the CF; and themost recent method is stem cell transplantation therapy in which a donordonates a patient a tissue type to create new blood cells.These methods of diagnosis and treatment should be used based on thedisease levels, child physical condition, and many interfering factors. As amatter of fact, if stem cell transplantation therapy develops well, we can usethat instead of chemotherapy.

کلیدواژه ها:

Leukemia ، cancer ، childhood leukemia