Gene transfer by viral and non-viral vectors, especiallynanoparticles

Gene therapy or gene modification is an effective way to treat dangerous anddeadly diseases such as genetic diseases, inherited disorders, cancer,cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections such as AIDS. The key to genetherapy success is creating safe and efficient gene carriers. Ideally, a genedelivery system should be stable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and able todeliver highly efficient genetic material to the target tissue or cell. Manyviral and non-viral gene transmission systems have been developed. Bothsystems have several advantages and disadvantages. Virus vectors such asadenoviruses, retroviruses, and lentiviruses are the most common carriers ofDNA delivery and have long been used in high efficiency. However,limitations such as immunogenicity, toxicity, and lack of optimization inlarge-scale production limit the use of these systems. Non-viral gene deliverysystems have the potential to overcome these limitations. Depending on thepreparation of non-viral systems, they are classified into physical orchemical types. Physical methods of gene delivery are done by applyingphysical force to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, andchemical methods use natural or artificial carriers to transfer genes to thetarget cell. The biggest non-viral vector in clinical use is low transmissionefficiency, but with the advancement of nanomaterial technology,nanomaterials have expanded as gene carriers due to their small size andlarge area.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanocarriers ، gene therapy ، non-viral vectors ، viral vector ، chemical methods