New Innovations in the Field of Nanotechnology to Reduce Damages Caused by Ionizing Radiations in Theranostic Centers- A review study

Background and Objective : In nuclear medicine, basis of the work depends on diagnosing diseases based on usage made of various radioactive materials, as well as X-ray imaging via radiology device and its various features. Upon increase made of CT scan, more concerns have been emerging about radiation exposure resulted from X-ray imaging.Materials and Methods : In this overview study, articles using such keywords as nuclear medicine, nanotechnology, nanoparticles, radiology, radiotherapy and those related toadvances in material science and nanotechnology published between ۲۰۱۱ to ۲۰۱۸ have been searched for and studied, using such search engines like Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, IranMedex, PubMed and etc., from among which ۲۴ articles have been selected based on the research objective.Results : Radiation caused by CT scan is more than that of ordinary radiology and the most important reason of which is higher duration of imaging. One of the methods to reduce patients and employees’ exposure to radiation is using protective radiation shielding; and, those individuals present during medical imaging test process have to use safe radiation protective shielding against ionizing radiation such as X-ray.Conclusion: From among advantages of lead shields, reference can be made to their high capacity of absorbing initial radiations in radiology tests; and, from their disadvantages,reference can be made to lack of visualization of the organs located under radiation shields. As far as some of organs are located in main initial radiation field, using lead shields can lead to omission of images of such organs like heart and lungs. As a result, one of the potential practical strategies in radiation shielding to be used by personnel performing diagnostic angiography is using shields with different properties in which nanotechnology and nanoparticles are used. They can reduce radiation dose reaching body tissues andsimultaneously maintaining and increasing quality of diagnostic radiology images or radiotherapy process.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nuclear medicine ، Nanotechnology ، Nanoparticles ، Radiology ، Radiotherapy