Exercise and age-related disorders: move more and sit less guarantee old population to look younger with better physical and mental health ─ a systematic review

Aging-induced complications and biological alterations including mobility disability,cognitive decline,sarcopenia,bone fragility and cancer appear as one of the leading worldwide phenomena. Exercise training-induced skeletal muscle contraction-derived cargoes may play a protective role in slowing down the progression of age-related diseases. We postulate on how exercise training may be a critical component for delaying the development of major complications which result by aging. To systematically review the literature on the impact of exercise training on age-related complications and summarize the benefits of regular and planned exercise training mechanistically. We identified ۵۳۴۲ article publications by systematic literature search in PubMed/Medline covering publications.۳۹ original papers including human and animal studies were selected by title screening. Finally,۲۴ relevant original articles including clinical and preclinical were included. Results:There is enough evidence showing that exercise training may reduce the risk of age-related diseases via skeletal muscle contraction-derived cargoes (e.g., myokines ).Emerging evidence points to beneficial effects of exercise training as a powerful and robust preventive approach against a number of aging-induced diseases. Muscle contraction mitigate; muscle insulin resistance via increased GLUT۴ and decreased mitochondrial dysfunction; frailty and sarcopenia by upregulation of IGF-۱,Irisin, follistatin, monocyte chemotactic protein-۱,macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-۱β,MyoD and IL-۱۰ and downregulation of autophagy-inducing stress protein HMGB۱,myogenin, myostatin,TNF-a,IL-۸ and activin A-to-follistatin ratio;dementia via enhanced irisin, BDNF,Cathepsin B and declined homocysteine,glucose and tryptophan; cardiovascular disease via homocysteine downregulation and inflammatory pathways;cancer by boosting tumor immune surveillance and anti-inflammatory pathways;osteogenic differentiation by improving myomiRs (e.g., myomiR-۱۳۳a,۲۰۶,۲۰۴a,etc) and osteomiRs axis.All these mechanisms result in improvement in physical/functional performance and frailty, enhancing brain function, lowering bone fragility, strengthening immune system. Any Regular and planned bodily movement (resistant and endurance training) produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases the production and secretion of myocargoes (myokines and other peptides) may mitigate the age-related reduction in physical mobility, risk of mobility disability (in old population), sarcopenia, dementia, cancer and etc. We recommend researchers to prescribe a fun and comprehensive program for elderly people in the frameworks of move more and sit less to minimize the burden of age-induced physiological alterations.

کلیدواژه ها:

Regular Exercise Training ، Mobility ، Age-related Complications ، aging ، Sarcopenia ، Dementia