Cytotoxic activities of Gypsophila ruscifolia, a native species of west north of Iran

Considering the mortality rate of cancer and the importance of medicinal plants in treating various diseases, the present study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Gypsophila ruscifolia on cancerous cell lines to perform phytochemical investigation of the effective fractions. n-Hexane, chloroform, and methanol ۸۰% extracts were prepared, and cytotoxic activities were determined by MTT assay on MCF-۷, A-۵۴۹, HT-۲۹ cancerous and AGO-۱۵۲۲ normal cell lines. The most effective extract was then fractionated, and the fractions with the most cell growth inhibition were selected to isolate natural compounds. Then isolated compounds were also tested on two cancerous cell lines (MCF-۷, A-۵۴۹) and a normal breast cell line (MCF-۱۰A). To understand the cytotoxic effects, apoptosis induction was studied by annexin V/PI assay in the MCF-۷ cell line. Fractions ۳ and ۴ of the root chloroform extract with IC۵۰ values of ۷۱.۰۷ and ۶۰.۶ μg/mL showed inhibition of cell growth in MCF-۷; fraction ۵ with IC۵۰ value of ۱۰۴.۶ μg/mL showed a toxic effect in the A-۵۴۹ cell line. The treatment of MCF-۷ cells with ۱۰۰ μg/mL of fraction ۴ resulted in ۵۲% apoptosis induction. Oleic acid and the mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were obtained from phytochemical studies of fractions ۴ and ۵. Stigmasterol with IC۵۰ value of ۸۴.۹۰ μM on MCF-۷ cell line and β-sitosterol with IC۵۰ value of ۹۳.۸۴ μM on MCF-۷ and ۱۱۵.۹۸ μM on A-۵۴۹ cell line exhibited cytotoxic effects. Bioassay-guided fractionation of G.ruscifolia isolated and identified three known compounds with moderate cytotoxic effects.

کلیدواژه ها:

Apoptosis ، Cell survival ، Cell line ، Gypsophila ruscifolia ، Medicine plant