Challenges in Biodiversity conservation and Indigenous Knowledge in Agriculture

Biodiversity and genetic conservation of plants and domestic animals is oneof the laws that has been accepted by many countries after year 1970; manyinternational organizations started their activities in the area.. In Rio conference(Brazil) it has been emphasized on ecosystems, water and soil conservation,hydrologic cycles and decreasing toxic material (insecticides, herbicides,nematicides etc) usage in agriculture and transferring to sustainability andtraditional agriculture. The different mechanization systems, more and morehuman and domestic animal population, land degradations, salinization, anddroughts caused increasing pollutions and decreasing diversity in soil usefullmicro organisms; and finally decreasing and unfortunately extinction of plantgenes, species and genus.. Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURT)also caused damage full effects and limitation of biodiversities instead ofdevelopment in this area. Hudge dam technologies, drought, salt stress, and…,damaged natural ecosystems, especially in 3-2 recent decades. In this paperit has been tried that challenges in different countries and the difficulties inthe area will be investigated; and the best methods to conserve indigenousknowledges and biodiversity will be presented. In different countries in theworld, different agricultural systems are used(5). Governments and farmers try to have a sustainable tradition agriculture and the best population genetics andthe dynamics of conservation, as follows