The effect of COVID-۱۹ disease on swallowing disorders (review article)

Background and Objective:Coronavirus (COVID-۱۹) disease is a viral respiratory illness. Whereas most infected individuals are asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms (e.g., fever, cough and shortness of breath), ۱۰-۲۰% of patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although information is still limited, patients can experience post-acute consequences, including severe muscle weakness, joint stiffness, psychological problems، dysphagia and impaired functioning in terms of mobility and activities of daily living. One of the reasons why patients with COVID-۱۹ are considered at risk for dysphagia or for some swallowing impairment is that swallowing and breathing are coordinated functions and health professionals involved in dysphagia care are impacted by the COVID-۱۹ disease in their day-to-day practices. In present study we aimed to investigate the effects COVID-۱۹ on swallowing disorders. Search Methods:This is a review study on the databases Medline (via PubMed), google scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, science direct, and ProQuest using a search strategy related to the theme of the study. The selection included key words with covid-۱۹, swallowing, coronavirus and dysphagia published over the last ۲۰ years in English. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies Scale was used to assess the methodology of the studies. ۱۱۲۱ studies were included in this review, of which three were excluded due to a low score on the JBI Scale, resulting in a final number of ۱۰۳ publications. Findings:The high incidence of critical illness in COVID-۱۹ is a risk factor for swallowing difficulties, resulting from disuse sedation, or neuromuscular blocking agents may affect the swallowing musculature. This difficulties may present as increased coughing, choking, chest infections or pneumonia. Also the person has COVID-۱۹ symptoms or general weakness related to the virus, may have more difficulty coordinating breathing and swallowing. This may increase the person’s risk of aspiration and/or choking. Conclusion:Reports from clinicians around the world suggest that coronavirus can lead to various changes in the swallowing function. These changes lead to dysphagia and can affect the daily living of patient with COVID ۱۹. Also dysphagia is a fairly common problem in COVID-۱۹ pandemic.

کلیدواژه ها:

Covid-۱۹ ، Swallowing disorders ، Coronavirus ، Dysphagia