Future Trends in Bone Tissue Engineering

Despite all advances in bone tissue engineering (BTE), still au-tgogenous bone from intra oral or extra oral donor sites are the gold standard for treatment of large craniomaxilofacial defects. Biomaterial development, application of growth factor, and stem cells, open new gateway to bone regeneration studies, but real translation from bench to bedside have not yet happened. The actual invivo differentiation of stem cells, megadose appli-cation of growth factors, absence of proper vasculature in tissue engineered scaffolds are the main disadvantages of the current approaches for BTE. Changing cell sources, smart scaffolds, dynamic cell culture methods and bedside modification are the main approaches that scientists are trying to use to enhance suc-cess rate in bone regeneration.