Iran Hydroge n Economy: Proble ms and C hallenges

Fossil fuels includin g oil, natural gas and coal are the main sources of human en ergy that d ue to popul ation and economic gro wth, the global demand for energy is expected to increase b y ۵۰% over the next ۲۰ years. Therefore, the excessive use of fossil fuelsdue to increasing to energy utilities are presented with the challenges of increased energy demand th at this causes immediately address environmental concerns such as climate change. For example, in Tehran, because of e missions fr om the trans portation sector, many health and e nvironmental problems have cause d. This sign ificant increase in demand coupled with dwin dling supplies of fossil fuels has raised concerns about the security of energy supply [۱].It is clear that t he world oil productio n cannot be sustained inde¿nitely at its current rate. So an interest is growing to find alternative fuels in recent years. One of the best alternative fuel s is hydrogen. Nowada ys, hydrogen fuel has received signi¿cant atte ntion as future transpo rtation fuels. Hydrogen can be played important roles o n economy of countries in futures. On the other hands, t here are considerable research eơ orts in many countries to developthe hydrog en economy that was i nitiated abo ut ۳۷ years ago and it is based on the fact that hydrogen is aunique, ecologically clean ene rgy carrier and would b eexpected to replace oil and natural gas for most uses, in cluding tra nsportation fuel [۲, ۳]. The Australian chemist John Bockris ¿rst used the phrase “hydrogen economy” in the early ۱۹۷۰s and the ¿rst World Hydroge n Conferen ce was held in ۱۹۷۶[۴]. In the mea ntime, our countryIran t hat has large reservoirs of natural gas, the second largest natural gas reservoir in th e world, and other sources of energ y such as h ydro, solar, and biomass. So Iranshould get rid of fossil fuel dependent economy an d move to produce clean energy carriers like hydrogen to substitute gasoline and gas oil in t he transportation sector.The rest of the paper is structured as follows: the next section is relat ed to status of the hydrogen econo my in terms of hydroge n production , storage an d how use of hydrogen in vehicles. Also, the last sectio n investigat es the using of the fuel economy of hydrogen and hydro gen preferre d on gasoline.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hydrogen storage ، H ydrogen civ ilization ، F uel cells ، Nan ostructures