Viable closed loop supply chain network design: a case study in automotive industry

This research suggested a viable closed-loop supply chain network design that considers resiliency,sustainability, and agility for supply chain network design for the first time. The previous section shows a lack of research in resilience, sustainability and agile CLSCND. In the present study, we have customers, retailers, manufacturers, suppliers, recovery center, repairing center, disposal center and second customer. We present VCLSCND through (flexible capacity (resilience strategy), sustainability constraints, and agility. Finally, we add uncertainty through the robust scenario by defining a new form of the objective function. The results of this research show that when agility coefficient increase, cost function grow up. Moreover, when conservative coefficient increase, cost function grow up in Figure ۳, too. Eventually, the cost function grows when maximum emission decreases because the model should activate a new facility. As a result, the cost function increase. The variation on the availability coefficient is considered, and we found that by decreasing the availability coefficient, the cost function increases because the model should activate a new facility.