Crucial Role of Model Development in Pandemic-Era Language Education: The Application of Gamification Principles in EFL Flipped Classrooms

Online education has expanded over the last two decades and the COVID-۱۹ crisis early in ۲۰۲۰ has dramatically highlighted the need for designing new models of technology-oriented teaching. These models can be applied in various educational fields and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is no exception. To this end, the current study attempted to develop an innovative EFL teaching model through integrating gamification principles into the online flipped classroom in terms of both in-class and out-of-class activities. In the first phase of the study, a comprehensive investigation of the related literature was provided and the concept of gamification was scrutinized through the triangulation of three theories, namely Self-Determination, Flow, and Self-Efficacy. Afterward, building on Kapp’s (۲۰۱۲) road map for gamification, which consisted of three main elements (i.e. game-based mechanics, aesthetics, and game thinking), the researchers of this study offered a novel teaching model for gamifying the activities of an online EFL flipped classroom. It is noteworthy that the proposed model was validated by surveying ۸ experts’ attitudes towards the model. This study provided new insights for EFL instructors/materials developers and guided them through designing a gamified online flipped classroom, which could promote the efficiency of the pandemic-era language education based on the emerging needs of the learners

کلیدواژه ها:

Gamification ، Flipped Classroom ، Model Development