COVID-۱۹ infection and diabetes : A Narrative Review

Background and Aim : The pandemic of the novel human coronavirus disease (COVID‐۱۹) has become an evolving global health issues due to high morbidity and mortality rate. Patients who have comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease significantly increases the risk for administration into the ICU and this situation also could affect the survival of infected patients. Among the various comorbidities in this review we emphasis in diabetic patients who are highly affected because of increased viral entry into the cell via angiotensin-converting enzyme ۲ (ACE۲) in the respiratory system and therefore decrease immunity.Methods : A comprehensive study was conducted using the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The keywords coronavirus, COVID-۱۹, SARS-CoV-۲, Diabetes, Comorbidity and underlying diseases were used to identify prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-۱۹.Results : Diabetes causes damage to the respiratory system due to lung damage caused by microangiopathy. In diabetic people compared with healthy individuals, the lung capacity is decreased, possibly due to increased collagen and elastin accumulation in the connective tissue of the chest wall and lung parenchyma compared to healthy individuals. COVID-۱۹'s infection is affected by diabetes, creates a more stressful condition that accompanies hyperglycemia. Secretion of indicator hormones like catecholamines and glucocorticoids can increase blood sugar. Based on researches, hypoglycemia regulates pre-inflammatory monocytes and increases the platelet numbers. These conditions are related to cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients. Also, it has been shown that diabetic people affected by COVID-۱۹ have a severe condition, and higher mortality rate than non-diabetic patients. Conclusion : Due to the rapid global prevalence of COVID-۱۹ and its huge mortality rate, the importance of virus pathogenesis and different clinical aspects can be a great help to have an accurate and rapid diagnosis for patients. Also, examine some disease severity predisposing factors in patients with COVID-۱۹ is substantial. Research conducted on comorbidity and COVID-۱۹ shows that people with high age, diabetes, hypertension, and suppressed immune system have a higher risk of being affected by the virus and also a higher mortality rate. Thus, clinicians should diagnose and cure COVID-۱۹ patients with underlying diseases.

کلیدواژه ها:

COVID-۱۹ ، Diabetes ، Comorbidities ، Manifestations