Anti-SARS-CoV-۲ Innate Immunity Mediated by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Derived Type I Interferon: A Systematic Review

Background and Aim : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus ۲, SARS-COV-۲ for short, is a pathogenic and immunogenic virus as well as sensitive infectious agent to inhibit through interferon mediated responses. In this context, Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (PDCs) which are activated by viral components are known as the most efficient cells in type I interferon (IFN-I) production which are believed to protect cells against virus invasion and infection. this review was written to give a brief description to anti-SARS-CoV-۲ innate immunity mediated by PDCs-derived type I interferon. Methods : We systematically searched three online databases including PubMed, google scholar, and ScienceDirect from December ۲۰۱۹ to August ۲۰۲۱. The keywords were “plasmacytoid dendritic cells”, “Interferon”, and “SARS-CoV-۲”. By considering certain defined criteria and using the Prisma checklist, a total of ۱۰ studies finally were included for this review. Results : In those who are tested positive for SARS-CoV-۲, all subsets of dendritic cells in particular PDCs show a downward trend in their absolute numbers for weeks. This reduction may explain by migration outside the bloodstream or activation of the programed cell death signaling pathway. In addition to numerical reduction, PDCs which are activated by the virus in a non-productively infection, induce a massive and rapid in production of IFN-I secretion. This protein possesses an anti-SARS-CoV-۲ activity as inhibits the virus replication in epithelial cells of respiratory tracts. Moreover, the protein is protective as protect infected patients from adverse outcomes such as death. In this context, patients who are severely ill are assumed to experience insufficiency in interferon synthesizing in the absence or low count of PDCs. This may suggest a non-ignorable role for PDCs to provide an innate immunity mediated by interferon. This insufficiency may also result from translational inhibition of interferon messenger ribonucleic acids by certain non-structural proteins. Stimulated PDCs were also found to be diversified and activated characterizing phenotypically by changes in the expression pattern of cell-associated markers.Conclusion : Considering the highlighting role of host innate immunity to overcome viral infections, PDCs are believed to be critically important to overcome viral infections especially the recent infectious human coronavirus as they are responsible for interferon-mediated viral inhibition.

کلیدواژه ها:

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell ، Type I interferon ، SARS-CoV-۲