Effect of Nanoparticles on the Prevention , Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria (review of the current evidences)

Background and Aim : Malaria is one of the mortalist parasites of the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Overcoming on benefit vaccine or proficiency of treatment malaria is not an easy task. Nanomedicine is combined modern technology with original products to improve antimalarial drug delivery and rapid detection assays for malaria diagnostics.Methods : Databases including Science direct, PubMed and Scopus were searched using the terms “nanomedicine OR nanoparticle” AND “malaria OR plasmodium OR plasmodium falciparum “. There was no time limitation on the search strategy. A total of ۵۸ out of ۱۳۹ articles were selected under the inclusion criteria .۸۱ articles were rejected due to lack of direct relevance.Results : Dendrimers have been tested for drug delivery, encapsulated chloroquine, and primaquine. Also, they were able to discriminate between plasmodium-infected RBC and none-infected cells that reduced the amount of drug needed to death malaria up to four times. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) proposed an intermittent encapsulation system for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. For presenting malaria antigens to the immune system was self-assembly of ۶۰ circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum (pfCSP) chains into spherical self-assembling protein nanoparticles to improve a vaccine against p.f. The sensibility of p.f to dsRNA against a parasite key replicating enzyme topoisomerase-۲. Chitosan-based nanoparticles trapping of a long dsRNA against this gene displayed increased inhibition of p.f growth in culture.Conclusion : Nanomedicine may have increased the therapeutic activities by enhancing their stability, prolonging their circulation and site-specific accumulation and increasing drug delivery according to various biological and external stimuli.