Current applications of the microbiome engineering and its future

Background and Aim : In the human body there are many microorganisms with a variable genetic content. These microorganisms play an important role in metabolism, homeostasis, the immune system and in general human health (۱). Over millions of years of evolution, different microorganisms adapted to each other, and different environmental communities formed on Earth. Microbial communities, known as microbiome, can exist in living or non-living environments, such as the human body, animals, and plants, as well as in soil, oceans, and air (۲). The term microbiome refers to all microorganisms (archaea bacteria, eukaryotes and viruses), their genome and environmental conditions, and the term "biome" it is an environmental community it has a special climate, plants and animals where they live. More precisely, the microbiome is a combination of metagenomic, metabolomic, metatranscriptomic, metaproteomic that is described with comprehensive environmental or clinical information. The main purpose of microbiome engineering is mostly human microbiome and is now used in the treatment of diseases such as Clostridium difficile, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, etc (۳).Methods : The research data in this thesis are drawn from four main sources Web of science google scholar, Pubmed, Scopus. Articles on microbiome have been selected, some articles from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۱۹ have been reviewed, and these studies have focused on the interaction of bacteria and some fungi.Results : The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was launched around the world with the aim of understanding its role and impact on human life, and the term microbiome was used by Joasholderberg in ۲۰۰۱ (۲, ۴). The widespread impacts of the microbiome on the ecosystem and the increased attention to microbiome recognition are factors contributing to the creation of microbiome engineering science, and recent advances in genome sequencing and metagenomic science have made microbiome analysis apart from cultivation process (۲).Conclusion : Although microbiome engineering is a relatively new field, there has been much progress in recent years that can be an important strategy for improving human health by continual effort and microbial manipulation as well as by the changing microbial population (۲).

کلیدواژه ها:

Microbiome ، healthy human microbiome ، Microbiome engineering ، Microbiota